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Describe the method used by the author of the study?
The author used a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence survey across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. The author used two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify presence of IAD (Incontinence-associated Dermatitis). The clinical nurse specialist used clinical observation and visual skin inspection.
Discuss the sample size used in the study?
The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. 191 residents participated in the study. Residents aged 65 years or older were eligible. The data were collected by the clinical nurse specialist with extensive competency in wound management, tissues viability and continence promotion. They used the Skin Damage Tool such as the Braden Skin Tool Assessment to identify the severity of IAD.
Describe the method used by the author in the study. the study was a descriptive cross-sectional, multi site study taking place in three public-funded community residential care facilities. 191 persons age 65 and older were included in the study. Two clinical nurse specialists applied the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify the existence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study. This article brings to light the importance of screening tools available to us to accurately identify those person at risk for IAD or pressure injury. For the 191 persons studied, they used the Barthel,MMSE,Braden, and Waterlow scoring systems. Results: The incontinence rate was 86%,the majority of those were women, and the largest proportion of participants with incontinence were over 80. And all of the IAD cases had cognitive impairment. Also recognized was the possible misdiagnosis of IAD by healthcare staff d/t the potential difficulties differentiating them from pressure injuries and that the prevalence of IAD may actually be higher as discussed in the literature.
Article: Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study.
Q5- Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
The authors of this study wanted to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in three public funded community residential facilities for older persons in Ireland. The authors than were able to compare their data to that of published research from German studies and found favorable results. Conclusions of this study point out that we have an increasing population of older individuals worldwide which may find themselves in adult care settings and significant resources are needed to manage and treat this condition.
Q6- Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The sample size from this research were residents from three public funded residential facilities. The inclusion criteria were people residing at one of the facilities, over 65 years of age, and able to provide consent for participation. There were 191 participants of which 165 had documented incontinence. Characteristics of the participants found 61.8% (n= 102) were female, mean age of 85.44 (60 to 101 years) years old, braden scale mean was 17.24 with 14% found to have very poor mobility, 37.37% occasionally moist. They found prevalence of incontinence was 86.4%, however, the prevalence of incontinence was 11.5% and 13.3% between males and females.
1. Describe the method used by the author of the study. The method used by the author is a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site design, which is effective for capturing data at a specific point in time across multiple locations. The researcher utilized a point prevalence methodology, which involves assessing the presence of a particluar condition in this case, pressure injuries at a specific moment.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study. The study included total sample size of 191 residents, all of whom were aged 65 years or older and residing in three public-funded community in Ireland. This age criterion ensured that the focus remained on older adults, who are ofter at higher risk for pressure injuries due to factors like decreased mobility and skin fragility.
Describe the method used by the author of the study: -The author used a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site study; the author conducted a study in July 2019 across three public funded extended-care facilities for older adults in Ireland to see the point prevalence of IAD analyzing concurrent occurrences of incontinence, cognitive impairment, age and gender with IAD.
Discuss the limitations of the articles: -There are two limitations. The first one is that the result obtained from cross-sectional studies cannot be generalized since it may be different depending on which population and when a study is conducted; for example, an IAD point prevalence of 12%, with a 13% occurrence of incontinence in this study, while the prevalence of IAD in a German nursing home is 35% or a 22% occurrence of incontinence in Belgium nursing home residents. -the second limitation is a lack of objectivity in IAD diagnosis, which were based on clinical observation, visual inspection and use of assessment tools by two clinical nurse specialists although, like the author mentioned in this study, this is because of the lack of validated and standard tools for IAD.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article? The proposed recommendations have several advantages, such as providing the first data on how common incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is among older adults in Ireland. This information helps to understand the scale of the issue, which can guide healthcare planning, budgeting, and quality improvement efforts. It also sets a baseline for future monitoring of IAD to improve patient care. However, there are some disadvantages, like the differences in how IAD is identified and diagnosed across various settings, which could lead to inconsistent results. Additionally, since the study used a cross-sectional design, it only captures data from a single point in time and does not provide insights into changes over time or the long-term success of any interventions.
2. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study The main research question of the study was to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland. The study aimed to address the gap in empirical data on the occurrence of IAD in this population, as there was previously no data available for Ireland. By identifying the proportion of older adults affected by IAD, the study sought to highlight the scale of the issue and its associated risk factors, such as incontinence, dependency, cognitive impairment, and mobility limitations. The study's findings are intended to help inform healthcare decision-making and improve care strategies for managing IAD in older adults.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study:
The research question was to determine the prevalence of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. Due to the gap in data related to this subject within Ireland, this study sought to address this gap in empirical data and including risk factors. The purpose of this study is to inform healthcare workers on care strategies for management of IAD.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study. The study focused on three public funded community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study: Bladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. These older adults are at an increased risk for skin breakdown and pressure injuries due to their IAD, but there was a gap in data related to this patient population within Ireland. This study sought to improve patient outcomes relating to incontinence-associated dermatitis.
Describe the method used by the author of the study: These authors used a cross-sectional, multisite, point prevalence survey, across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. Within these care settings, two clinical nurse specialists identified the presence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection - specifically using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool. Incontinent associated dermatitis prevalence was then calculated within this population.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? Incontinence associated dermatitis or IAD is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. It is very common and usually occurs primarily to those who are bed bound. Declining mobility and cognitive function and increasing functional dependence, the risk of developing IAD also increases with advancing age.
Describe the method used by the author of the study: Information was gathered from patients' clinical notes on level of independence, cognitive impairment, pressure injury risk assessment, mobility and skin moisture. Participants' age ranged from 69 years to 101 years with males accounting for 42%. Two clinical nurse specialists (tissue viability and continence management) with the aid of the Scottish tool visually inspected, observed and assessed incontinent participants' skin for signs of IAD.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
1.The study seeks to answer the following research question:
“What is the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland?”
This study is significant because it fills a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical data on the prevalence of IAD in Ireland. The findings can help healthcare providers improve care quality by implementing better prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies for IAD in older adults. Moreover, the research highlights the need for standardized tools and consistent care practices, which are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study involved a sample size of 191 residents from three community extended care settings for older adults in Ireland. Here’s a detailed discussion of the sample size:
Sample Size overview:
• Total Participants: 191 residents aged 65 years or older. • Settings: The study was conducted across three public-funded residential care facilities: • Site A: 100 residents • Site B: 54 residents • Site C: 38 residents
Sampling Criteria:
• Inclusion Criteria: • Residents aged 65 years or older. • Residents who were receiving care at the participating institutions on the day of data collection. • Exclusion Criteria: • Individuals attending day care services. • Individuals younger than 65 years. • Those unable to provide informed consent.
Overall, the sample size of 191 participants is well-chosen for the study’s aims, providing robust data on the prevalence of IAD in extended care settings in Ireland. The high participation rate and detailed demographic information further support the study’s findings and conclusions
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The main problem discussed in the study is the incontinence-associated dermatitis which is an inflammation caused when the skin comes in contact with either urine, feces or both. It creates a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and shows the lack of care that is provided by the caregivers. The research highlights the need for standardized tools and consistent care practices, which are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the work load on healthcare systems.
Discuss the sample size used in the study The study focused on three public community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
Discuss the sample size used in the study. The study took place in 3 public funded community that is a care facility for older person located in Ireland. There are 191 residents who participated in the study. All the residents are 65 years or older. All 3 sites that was included the studies are residential care facilities funded by the Health Service Executive (HSE), Ireland. Site A, B, and C had 100, 54 and 38 residents, respectively.
Describe the method used by the author of the study?
There were two nurse specialists created a collaborative working relationship with staff and 3 facilities to ensure a cohesive, combined and integrated approach to this study. The two nurses worked together throughout this comprehensive study, with the clinical constancy and use of the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to support them in this research.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study.
I found this study to be interesting in the sense that data was gathered and analyzed, hence a prevalence study, in the healthcare system of Ireland. The authors state that there has not been a prevalence study conducted in Ireland in the past century that assesses incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in patients 65 years or older in adult care facilities. The importance of establishing a prevalence rate is helpful to the Irish healthcare industry to track the occurrence of IAD in this age group. Ultimately, the ideal outcome would be for the Irish healthcare system to create resources or tools to treat IAD and lower the known prevalence.
How does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure.
Alarmingly, it’s the first for Ireland. Establishing the rate of prevalence is key to creating a starting point to an improvement process such as the elimination of IAD in older adults. At PSJMC our nurses work in conjunction with the Wound Care Committee (SWAT) to conduct prevalence studies for skin, but the focus is on pressure ulcers and injuries. I’m not aware of our hospital conducting a prevalence study analyzing the rate of incontinence associated dermatitis. The study concluded with a prevalence rate of 13%. As a bedside nurse, that number seems high. Knowing that the Irish healthcare setting is possibly lacking or resources for IAD , especially in incontinent patients, this numbers does seem plausible. At PSJMC there are practices and products in place to assist with the elimination of skin breakdown or irritation, for example InterDry and barrier creams.
1. Discuss the sample size used in the study. The study took place in three public-funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study that addresses the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in elderly population. Older adults with IAD are the primary focus of this systematic review and meta-analysis.
2. Discuss the limitations of the article. This study focused on 3 elder care residential facilities in Ireland, there were 2 nurse specialists in charge of data collection on a specific day in July 2019. Limitations could include that data isn’t from a period over time vs a snapshot of from a single moment when they audited. The data from 3 facilities doesn’t provide enough for generalization. Another limitation could be the comprehensiveness in analysis of risk factors.
1. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. The elderly population is especially vulnerable to IAD due to age-related changes making skin more fragile, specifically from epidermal thinning, collagen, elastin and general moisture loss. Prior studies have tried to establish the prevalence rate of IAD, however results have varied widely across different regions, healthcare settings and age profiles. The purpose of this research study was to create an IAD point prevalence study across 3 older adult care settings in Ireland that would quantify the size of the problem, and hopefully create a benchmark useful for comparison against similar healthcare settings in other countries.
2.Discuss the sample size used in the study: 191 residents from three public-funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were residents in any of the three locations over 65 years old and present during data collection. Person excluded were those in day care, younger than 65 years old and those unable to provide informed consent.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The research question in a point prevalence study of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in older adults in residential care settings focuses on determining how widespread IAD is among residents at a specific time. The study investigates the prevalence of IAD, identifies contributing risk factors, assesses its impact on residents' quality of life, and evaluates current care practices and their effectiveness. By examining these elements, the study aims to improve understanding of IAD's prevalence and management, leading to enhanced care strategies and policies for better supporting affected individuals in residential care environments. Describe the method used by the author in the study. In a point prevalence study of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in older adults in residential care settings, the method involves selecting a representative sample of facilities and residents, then conducting observational assessments and chart reviews to identify the presence and severity of IAD. Standardized tools are used for diagnosis, and data is analyzed to determine the prevalence, identify risk factors, and assess the impact of care practices. The findings are reported to provide insights into IAD prevalence and guide improvements in care strategies.
(1)Describe the method used by the author of the study -Study Design: The study utilizes a quality improvement (QI) approach to assess the effectiveness of a skin care bundle on the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). -Intervention: Skin Care Bundle--The study implemented a comprehensive skin care bundle designed to improve skin care practices and reduce the incidence of IAD. The bundle typically includes multiple components such as improved skin cleansing, use of barrier products, better management of moisture, and education for healthcare staff. -Implementation: Pre- and Post-Intervention Design-- The effectiveness of the skin care bundle was evaluated using a pre- and post-intervention design. This means data on IAD incidence and severity were collected before the bundle was implemented and compared to data collected after the bundle was introduced. -Data Collection: Data were likely collected through clinical assessments, patient records, or documentation of IAD cases. This would involve evaluating patient skin condition and tracking the incidence of IAD over time. -Analysis: Statistical analyses were conducted to compare IAD outcomes before and after the intervention. This analysis aimed to determine whether the skin care bundle led to significant improvements in reducing IAD rates and severity.
(2) Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? -The primary research question is: "How effective is a skin care bundle in reducing the incidence and severity of incontinence-associated dermatitis in clinical settings?" -Main Problem: The main problem addressed by the study is the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common condition that affects patients with incontinence. IAD can lead to discomfort, increased risk of infection, and prolonged hospital stays, impacting patient quality of life and healthcare costs. The study investigates whether a structured, evidence-based skin care bundle can effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of IAD, aiming to enhance patient care and improve outcomes in settings where IAD is a frequent issue. -In summary, the study focuses on evaluating a quality improvement intervention to determine its impact on IAD, addressing a significant issue in patient care through a structured and evidence-based approach.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article? The article on Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) recommends regular skin assessments, enhanced incontinence management, staff training, and the use of standardized tools. These measures can improve early detection and care, reduce IAD incidence, and ensure consistent quality. However, they can also be resource-intensive, increase costs, and require ongoing staff training. Balancing these benefits with the associated challenges is crucial for effective implementation in care settings. 2. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The main problem addressed by the study is the lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD within this specific population and setting. IAD, a skin condition resulting from prolonged exposure to urine or feces, significantly affects the quality of life for older adults and reflects the quality of care provided in extended care settings. Prior to this study, there was no comprehensive data available from Ireland on how common IAD is among older adults in these settings. By conducting a point prevalence survey across three community extended care facilities, the study aimed to fill this gap and provide a benchmark for understanding the extent of IAD. The findings are intended to inform future care practices, quality improvement projects, and resource allocation to better manage and prevent IAD in this vulnerable population.
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
The method was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site study that assessed the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) in older adults across three extended care facilities in Ireland. The study included 191 residents aged 65 or older who were receiving full-time care, excluding those in day-care services or unable to give informed consent. Two clinical nurse specialists conducted skin inspections and used the assessment tools to gather data
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
The study was conducted due to lack of data on the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). The aim was to conduct the first IAD point prevalence study across three older adult care settings in Ireland, quantify the size of the problem and benchmark IAD prevalence against similar healthcare settings in other countries. The study findings were: the prevalence of incontinence was 86.4% – a significantly higher proportion were female, the prevalence of IAD in the population and incontinence population was 11.5%. This data can help with develop standardization of assessment tool or provide resources to healthcare facilities to help manage skin integrity.
1. Describe the method used by the author of the study.
The method used was a descriptive, cross sectional, multi-site study. A point prevalence methodology was used to collect data in three extended cases for older person in Ireland, with each site audited on a specific date.
Two clinical nurse specialist applied the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool when undertaking this study to identify the existence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection.
A demographic form recorded participant's age, gender, continence status and scores from the Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Braden and Waterflow pressure injury risk assessment tools.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study. All residents aged 65 years or older, who were receiving care from the participating institutions on the day of data collection, were considered eligible participation. People receiving day-care services in any of the three setting were excluded.
The inclusion criteria were: persons residing in any of the three extended care settings for older persons, at the specific time of data collection, over 65 years of age. The exclusion criteria were persons attending day care services, persons younger than 65 years, and those unable to provide informed consent.
Research question: the aim of this study is to identify the proportion of older adult in extended care settings in Ireland affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis, quantify the size of the problem and benchmark IAD prevalence against similar health care settings in other countries. It was noted that there was a global lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD and what research was available highlights a wide variation in prevalence, thus deeming this study necessary.
Methods: this is a descriptive, cross sectional, multisite, point prevalence survey, across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. 191 residents living in the participating institutions and who were over the age of 65 were included in the study. The presence of IAD was identified through clinical observation and visual skin inspection and the IAD was calculated for the total population and incontinent population sets.
Discuss the limitations of the article: limited sample size, design flaws, and/or author bias:
The study seems to be limited due to the fact that it only included patients from six hospitals in one Australian state. The sample may not be representative of patients in other regions or healthcare systems, causing limited findings.Also,the consistency in how the intervention was implemented across the six hospitals could vary. Variability in adherence to the intervention protocol might impact the overall effectiveness used in the study
Discuss the sample size used in the study. - The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study. All residents aged 65 years or older, who were receiving care from the participating institutions on the day of data collection, were considered eligible participation.
-Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? - Bladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis
-Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? - Bladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. the study is meant to inform healthcare decision making and care strategies for managing IAD in adult population. The study was meant to create an impact for IAD prevalence, due to it being a top down injury.
1. Discuss the sample size in the study The study was conducted in three public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. There were 191 residents who took part in the study where the focus was the address the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) specifically in the elderly population. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, emphasizing a comprehensive examination of existing research on IAD in older adults. The study aimed to provide insights into how IAD affects elderly individuals in residential care settings and to identify key factors influencing its prevalence and impact.
2. The main research question of the study was "What is the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland?" The study aimed to address data gaps, identify the proportion affected, and highlight the risk factors which included incontinence, dependency, cognitive impairment, as well as any mobility limitations. The findings were intended to inform healthcare decision-making and improve care strategies for managing IAD in older adults. The results of the study are intended to provide a clearer picture of IAD prevalence and its impact, helping to enhance care practices and interventions in extended care settings for older individuals.
Discuss the sample size in the study . It took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older people in Ireland age 65 years and older. With 191 residents participated in the study. All three residential facilities were funded by the Health Service Executive HSE. Site A, B and C had 100, 54 and 38 residents. It focus on Incontinence associated dermatitis in elder people population.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study
The research question or main problem discussed incontinence associated dermatitis affecting elder people population. Incontinence associated dermatitis (IDA) is common type of moisture is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. It is a top down injury presenting redness of the skin including edema on the surface of skin and maybe accompanied by blisters, serous exudate, epidermal erosion and secondary cutaneous infection. It also discussed on this study the impact negatively of IAD to older adults physical and psychosocial well being, poorer quality of life, loss of independence disruption of daily activities
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
The design of this study was a cross sectional, multisite point prevalence study. The study collected data from three extended care settings located in Ireland. The two nurse specialists that were sued to collect data identified the IAD through both clinical observation and visual skin inspection. Multiple scoring tools were used including: the Barthel Index, Mini Mental State Exam and Braden pressure injury risk assessment.
Discuss the research question of main problem discussed in the study.
The main research question associated with the study is the prevalence of incontinence associated dermatitis that affect older adults living in extended care settings located in Ireland. This was seen by the use of two clinical nurse specialists using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool through clinical observation and visual skin inspection of the study subjects. The study results allowed guidance for future decision making on planning and budgeting to ongoing auditing of incontinence associated dermatitis.
The sample size used in the study was 191 residents living in public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. All residents were aged 65 or older and the study included three sites. The three sites had different sizes: Site A (100 residents), Site B (54 residents), and Site C (38 residents).
2. Describe the method used by the author of the study
The study used a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence survey method to assess the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in residential care facilities in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialist applied The Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool during this study which is specifically designed to assess and identify moisture-related skin damage, including IAD.
1.} Discuss the sample size used in the study? The study's sample sizes was 191 of patients assessed. Out of the 191 patients 165 patients were found to be incontinent. The focus of the study was mainly to identify the proportion in the older adults in long term facilities.Since older adults are more vulnerable to IAD due to age related changes increasing skin fragility. The study was adequate size to determine the point of prevalence of IAD in the specified settings
1) Describe the method used by the author of the study: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis conducted at multiple sites. It used a point prevalence methodology to collect data from three extended care facilities for older adults in Ireland, with audits conducted on a specific date in July 2019. Two clinical nurse specialists employed the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and visual inspections of the skin. This tool was selected due to the lack of validated standard instruments for IAD. The nurse specialists, who have considerable expertise in wound management, tissue viability, and continence promotion, utilized the tool to assess the severity of IAD. They also established collaborative relationships with the staff at the three facilities to ensure a coordinated approach to the study. The two specialists worked closely together throughout the research, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool as their primary resource. 2) Discuss the sample size used in the study:
The study was carried out in three publicly funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland, involving a total of 191 residents. All residents aged 65 and older who were receiving care on the day of data collection were eligible to participate, while those attending day-care services at any of the facilities were excluded.
The three sites—Site A, Site B, and Site C—were funded by the Health Service Executive, Ireland, with 100, 54, and 38 residents, respectively. To qualify for inclusion, participants had to be over 65 and residing in one of the facilities at the time of data collection. Excluded were individuals using day-care services, those under 65, and those unable to provide informed consent. The study did not require ethical approval, as it was categorized as an audit by the relevant research ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and efforts were made to ensure they could engage in the decision-making process according to national consent and safeguarding policies.
Discuss the sample size used in the study The study focused on three public community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article? The proposed recommendations have several advantages, such as providing the first data on how common incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is among older adults in Ireland. This information helps to understand the scale of the issue, which can provide guidance on healthcare planning, budgeting, and quality improvement efforts. It also sets a baseline for future monitoring of IAD to improve long term patient care. However, there are some disadvantages, like the differences in how IAD is identified and diagnosed across various settings, which could lead to inconsistent results from different setting. Additionally, since the study used a cross-sectional design, it only captures data from a single point in time and does not provide insights into changes over time or the long-term success of any interventions.
Discuss the sample size used in the study. In this study, the sample size consisted of 191 residents in a funded residential care facilities in Ireland. The main focus eligible participants are elderly residents from aged 65 years or older while receiving data collection in their institutions. These individuals presented with decreased mobility criteria and skin integrity compromised.
Describe the method used by the author of the study. The author utilized a “point prevalence” method which elucidates a multi site study that occurred among the populations of the elderly in Ireland back in July 2019. This is a type of study that collects structured data with specific characteristics at a designated location and time. Among these studies conducted by nursing staff, a Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool was utilized during this study.
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
1) The method used is a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence study across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damaged Tool, identified the prevalence of Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and a visual skin inspection period. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (I AD) prevalence was calculated using percentages and confidence intervals for the total and incontinent population sets.
2) Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The sample size included 191 residents aged from 69 years to 101 years, with males accounting for 42% (n=81/191) and females accounting for 58% (110/191). The study occurred in the three public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. The 65 years or older residents receiving care from the participant institutions on the day of the data collection were considered eligible for participation. All three sites were residential care facilities funded by the Health Service Executive Ireland. There were three sites, A, B, and C, where A had 100 participants, B had 54, and C had 38.
Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study
1. Discuss the sample size used in the study
The sample size encompassing this study included 191 subjects ages 65 years and up. Many subjects, 165 out of the 191 were observed to be incontinent. These subjects were residents to three different care facilities in Ireland. Moreover, the subjects were subjected to impaired skin integrity in addition to decreased mobility.
2. Describe the method used by the author of the study
This study utilized a cross sectional and point prevalence method. A prevalence method is a collection of information to define a management approach pertaining to the needs of the subject related to incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD) for this study. Two tools utilized for analysis by health care providers were the from the moisture related skin damage and Scottish excoriation tool.
Describe the method used by the author of the study
This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis conducted at multiple sites. It utilized a point prevalence methodology to gather data from three extended care facilities for older adults in Ireland, with audits carried out on a specific date in July 2019. Two clinical nurse specialists employed the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and visual inspections of the skin. This tool was selected due to the lack of validated standard instruments for assessing IAD. The specialists, who possess significant expertise in wound management, tissue viability, and continence promotion, used the tool to evaluate the severity of IAD. They also established collaborative relationships with the staff at the three facilities to ensure a coordinated approach to the study. Throughout the research, the two specialists worked closely together, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool as their main resource.
Discuss the sample size in the study
The research was conducted in three publicly funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. A total of 191 residents participated, focusing on the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among the elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a thorough evaluation of existing studies on IAD in older adults. The study sought to highlight the impact of IAD on elderly residents in care settings and to identify the primary factors contributing to its prevalence and effects.
Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a skin inflammation caused by contact with urine, feces, or both. IAD directly impacts a person’s quality of life and care provided. Older adults are more vulnerable to IAD, with urinary and/or fecal incontinence the primary causes of IAD. Normal aging makes skin more fragile and prone to injury. Elastin loss, moisture loss, medications and clothing irritants are just some of the factors affecting the skins integrity and susceptibility to injury as individuals age. Other factors include sex, age, mobility, and cognitive function. Urinary incontinence is one of the most common reasons why an individual may be admitted into a care setting. There is currently a lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD. The aim of this study was to identify the portion of older adults affected by IAD in extended care facilities in Ireland. This study used a cross-sectional, point prevalence survey, structured to collect uniform data from multiple sites in Ireland over a specific period of time. Current literature indicates a wide variation in the prevalence of IAD across different healthcare setting and geographic regions. Variations in the frequency of IAD may be due to a variety of factors including differences in clinical criteria used to diagnose IAD and data collection standards. However, there are several IAD assessment/categorizing tools available. The study took place in three public-funded community resident care facilities for older persons in Ireland. There were 191participating residents within this study with all residents aged 65 or older. Of the participating residents, 42% were males and 58% females. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The study showed the point prevalence of IAD across the total population and incontinent population was 11.5%, and the prevalence of incontinence was 86.4%. With a significantly higher proportion being female. As a senior myself, 66 years old, I am not surprised with the findings. As we age incontinence just becomes a fact of life. Of course, various factors are going to exacerbate the likelihood of incontinence. Factors such as sex, weight, mobility, and cognitive ability are just a few examples. I personally feel that a person’s economic status is pivotal in the reduction of IAD. More personalized and attentive care is the key, along with access to devices such as the PureWick system which is currently being used at PSJMC.
-Describe the method used by the author of the study. Was the correct method used? Why or why not? The method used in this study was a cross-sectional, multi-site study. I believe this was the correct method as cross-sectional studies are observational studies analyzing data from a population at that particular time. This helps better capture the involving players in a problem. Furthermore, there were two nurse wound specialists used in the study to help accurately calculate the prevalence of IAD, which I believe helps the reliability of the data.
-Discuss the limitations of the article: limited sample size, design flaws, and/or author bias. A limitation of the article was that it did not specify any predictive factors for the development of incontinent associated dermatitis and any comorbidities that may have influenced skin integrity. Outside of limited mobility, comorbidities such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, smoking history, impaired nutrition, and certain chemo medications all play a roll with skin integrity. It would be beneficial to see if there were less incidences of IAD in patients in comparison with comorbidites and immobility rather than just immobility. It would also be beneficial to see the comparison with braden score and barthel index as well. Furthermore the Mini mental status exam may not be useful in those with limited socio-economic status and education.
Describe the method used by the author in the study
The method used by the author was a cross-sectional study and point prevalence method study used across three community related care settings for older adults in Ireland. There were two tools used for analysis by healthcare providers. these tools were from the moisture-related skin damage and Scottish excuration tool. The clinical nurse specialist used clinical observation and visual tool inspection. Discuss the sample Size?
This sample size included 191 people ranging from ages 65 years and up. It was found that 165 people out of the 191 were to be found incontinent with decreased mobility. The residents were all from three different care facilities in Ireland
How does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure?
At PSJMC, we see IAD majority in those who are incontinent. We have implemented skin assessment tools in our daily shift assessments to address these issues. Using barrier creams especially those with incontinence to protect the skin from being in contact we feces and urine to prevent IAD. It’s interesting to see that this study found IAD more common in women rather than men. I believe our department provides us with quality resources to prevent these issues such as barrier creams, pads instead of diapers, and also the tools to assess the risks every shift. I believe in our ICU care setting we are fortunately staffed well enough to provide skin more frequently, unlike most residential facilities. The majority of those who have IAD are the patients that come from facilities where they do not have adequate resources.
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
-the sample size included 191 residents. These participants were 65 years old or older who receivd care from publicly funded community residential care facilities in Ireland. They excluded those that were in day care services. All of there three sites are also funded by Health Service Executive in Ireland.
1. Describe the method used by the author of the study. In the study "Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study" by Breda Wall, the methodology typically involves several key components: Study Design: • Point Prevalence Study: This design allows for the assessment of the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) at a specific point in time within the selected residential care settings. Participants: • Population: The study focuses on older adults residing in residential care facilities, capturing a demographic that is particularly vulnerable to IAD. Data Collection: • Assessment Tools: Researchers likely used standardized assessment tools to evaluate the presence and severity of IAD among the participants. This could include skin assessment protocols and criteria for diagnosing IAD. • Data Sources: Information may have been collected through clinical assessments, patient records, and possibly interviews or observations to gather comprehensive data about the residents. Sample Size: • Selection Criteria: The study would specify inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants to ensure a representative sample of the residential care population. Data Analysis: • Statistical Methods: Prevalence rates would be calculated, and statistical analyses might be employed to identify associations between IAD and factors such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and care practices. Ethical Considerations: • Approval and Consent: The study would need ethical approval from relevant committees, and informed consent would likely be obtained from participants or their legal representatives. Reporting: • Findings Presentation: Results would be presented using descriptive statistics and possibly visual aids (like tables or graphs) to illustrate the prevalence of IAD and related factors. This method allows for a clear snapshot of IAD prevalence in older adults in residential settings, providing valuable insights for improving care practices. 2. Discuss the sample size used in the study. Total Participants: The study involved 191 older adults across three community extended care settings, which allows for a substantial assessment of IAD prevalence. This sample size provides a solid foundation for statistical analysis and enhances the credibility of the findings. Incontinent Population: Of the total population, 165 participants were incontinent, reflecting an incontinence prevalence of 86.4%. This high proportion is important as it focuses on a critical subgroup that is at increased risk for IAD.
How does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure? Patients living with pressure ulcer injuries experience significant pain which affects the patient’s quality of life negatively. Also, it affects physiologically, emotionally, psychologically, socially, and financially toward patients and family. As this research states, we often see patients and family members suffer from those negative experiences. In our unit, all newly admitted patients' skin assessment by two nurses is necessary and wound care nurses will be consulted when a patient comes in with pressure injury, we take pictures while admitted, treat for wounds and observe by taking pictures on a weekly basis. As a nurse, it is important to control pain and reduce negative emotions through medication, emotional support (spiritual care, dog therapy), and family support. We often order to be consulted by a case manager or social worker for patients to receive adequate support when they are discharged to home or facilities.
Describe the method used by the author of the study A qualitative analysis with thematic study was conducted using a thorough approach to advance an objective insight into patients’ lived experiences. This is seen as effective in eliciting patients’ holistic views. The research questions were structured using the SPIDER tool (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research type). The method used by the author of this study was using six electronic databases by Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar in October 2022 and April 2023 at acute, community and care home settings in the UK, France, Belgium and the US to explore patients background living with pressure ulcers.
- Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The research question/main problem discussed in this study is the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in the geriatric population. Researchers' focus was on three adult care settings in Ireland in which they can compare and contrast across other healthcare settings to better manage, prevent, and treat IAD in this demographic. This study helped to get a baseline of IAD by quantifying the size of this issue and the impact this skin condition can have throughout multiple healthcare systems.
- Describe the method used by the author of the study The method used by the author(s) of this study was through point prevalence by focusing on IAD in three different older adult healthcare settings in which the author(s) can survey and analyze the proportion of IAD in this demographic. In the study, two clinical nurse specialists used the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to help identify those with IAD.This tool was used directly during patient assessment through visual skin inspections and overall clinical observation in order to calculate the total population and those with IAD resulting in a higher prevalence amongst dependent females whom have cognitive and physical decline.
1.Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? - The study evaluated for the proportion of older facility adults affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. 2.Discuss the sample size used in the study. -There were 191 facility residents that participated in the study from 3 public-funded older adult community care centers. Everyone that participated was 65 years & older.
Describe the method used by the author of the study
the authors used a cross-sectional, multisite point prevalence survey design. This method involved assessing the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in three extended care settings in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialists carried out the assessment using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture-Related Skin Damage Tool. The presence of IAD was determined through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. This approach provided detailed insights into the proportion of older adults affected by IAD in these care settings
The sample size consisted of 976 older adults residing in three extended care settings in Ireland. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among this population. Each participant underwent a clinical skin assessment to check for signs of IAD, with assessments conducted by clinical nurse specialists using a standardized tool This large sample size provided a comprehensive look at the prevalence of IAD in older adults in residential care, offering valuable insights for future preventive care and management strategies.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The main problem discussed in this study is about the effect of incontinence associated dermatitis in older adults at residential care settings.
Discuss the sample size used in the study: 191 residents consented to participate in the study. Participants' age ranged from 69 years to 101 years with males accounting for 42% of the population.
Adding to my previous comment, incontinence has a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and is indicative of the care provided. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence.
The sample includes two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool, identified the presence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. People receiving day-care services in any of the three settings were excluded.
Describe the method used by the author of the study?
ReplyDeleteThe author used a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence survey across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. The author used two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify presence of IAD (Incontinence-associated Dermatitis). The clinical nurse specialist used clinical observation and visual skin inspection.
Discuss the sample size used in the study?
The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. 191 residents participated in the study. Residents aged 65 years or older were eligible. The data were collected by the clinical nurse specialist with extensive competency in wound management, tissues viability and continence promotion. They used the Skin Damage Tool such as the Braden Skin Tool Assessment to identify the severity of IAD.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteDescribe the method used by the author in the study.
ReplyDeletethe study was a descriptive cross-sectional, multi site study taking place in three public-funded community residential care facilities. 191 persons age 65 and older were included in the study. Two clinical nurse specialists applied the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify the existence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study.
This article brings to light the importance of screening tools available to us to accurately identify those person at risk for IAD or pressure injury. For the 191 persons studied, they used the Barthel,MMSE,Braden, and Waterlow scoring systems. Results: The incontinence rate was 86%,the majority of those were women, and the largest proportion of participants with incontinence were over 80. And all of the IAD cases had cognitive impairment. Also recognized was the possible misdiagnosis of IAD by healthcare staff d/t the potential difficulties differentiating them from pressure injuries and that the prevalence of IAD may actually be higher as discussed in the literature.
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ReplyDeleteArticle: Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study.
ReplyDeleteQ5- Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
The authors of this study wanted to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in three public funded community residential facilities for older persons in Ireland. The authors than were able to compare their data to that of published research from German studies and found favorable results. Conclusions of this study point out that we have an increasing population of older individuals worldwide which may find themselves in adult care settings and significant resources are needed to manage and treat this condition.
Q6- Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The sample size from this research were residents from three public funded residential facilities. The inclusion criteria were people residing at one of the facilities, over 65 years of age, and able to provide consent for participation. There were 191 participants of which 165 had documented incontinence. Characteristics of the participants found 61.8% (n= 102) were female, mean age of 85.44 (60 to 101 years) years old, braden scale mean was 17.24 with 14% found to have very poor mobility, 37.37% occasionally moist. They found prevalence of incontinence was 86.4%, however, the prevalence of incontinence was 11.5% and 13.3% between males and females.
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ReplyDelete1. Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDeleteThe method used by the author is a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site design, which is effective for capturing data at a specific point in time across multiple locations. The researcher utilized a point prevalence methodology, which involves assessing the presence of a particluar condition in this case, pressure injuries at a specific moment.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study included total sample size of 191 residents, all of whom were aged 65 years or older and residing in three public-funded community in Ireland. This age criterion ensured that the focus remained on older adults, who are ofter at higher risk for pressure injuries due to factors like decreased mobility and skin fragility.
Describe the method used by the author of the study:
ReplyDelete-The author used a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site study; the author conducted a study in July 2019 across three public funded extended-care facilities for older adults in Ireland to see the point prevalence of IAD analyzing concurrent occurrences of incontinence, cognitive impairment, age and gender with IAD.
Discuss the limitations of the articles:
-There are two limitations. The first one is that the result obtained from cross-sectional studies cannot be generalized since it may be different depending on which population and when a study is conducted; for example, an IAD point prevalence of 12%, with a 13% occurrence of incontinence in this study, while the prevalence of IAD in a German nursing home is 35% or a 22% occurrence of incontinence in Belgium nursing home residents.
-the second limitation is a lack of objectivity in IAD diagnosis, which were based on clinical observation, visual inspection and use of assessment tools by two clinical nurse specialists although, like the author mentioned in this study, this is because of the lack of validated and standard tools for IAD.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article?
ReplyDeleteThe proposed recommendations have several advantages, such as providing the first data on how common incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is among older adults in Ireland. This information helps to understand the scale of the issue, which can guide healthcare planning, budgeting, and quality improvement efforts. It also sets a baseline for future monitoring of IAD to improve patient care. However, there are some disadvantages, like the differences in how IAD is identified and diagnosed across various settings, which could lead to inconsistent results. Additionally, since the study used a cross-sectional design, it only captures data from a single point in time and does not provide insights into changes over time or the long-term success of any interventions.
2. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study
The main research question of the study was to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland. The study aimed to address the gap in empirical data on the occurrence of IAD in this population, as there was previously no data available for Ireland. By identifying the proportion of older adults affected by IAD, the study sought to highlight the scale of the issue and its associated risk factors, such as incontinence, dependency, cognitive impairment, and mobility limitations. The study's findings are intended to help inform healthcare decision-making and improve care strategies for managing IAD in older adults.
Elin Danelian
3 North
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study:
ReplyDeleteThe research question was to determine the prevalence of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. Due to the gap in data related to this subject within Ireland, this study sought to address this gap in empirical data and including risk factors. The purpose of this study is to inform healthcare workers on care strategies for management of IAD.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study focused on three public funded community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
Natalie Bresson
ICU
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study:
ReplyDeleteBladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. These older adults are at an increased risk for skin breakdown and pressure injuries due to their IAD, but there was a gap in data related to this patient population within Ireland. This study sought to improve patient outcomes relating to incontinence-associated dermatitis.
Describe the method used by the author of the study:
These authors used a cross-sectional, multisite, point prevalence survey, across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. Within these care settings, two clinical nurse specialists identified the presence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection - specifically using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool. Incontinent associated dermatitis prevalence was then calculated within this population.
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ReplyDeleteDiscuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
DeleteIncontinence associated dermatitis or IAD is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. It is very common and usually occurs primarily to those who are bed bound.
Declining mobility and cognitive function and increasing functional dependence, the risk of developing IAD also increases with advancing age.
Describe the method used by the author of the study:
DeleteInformation was gathered from patients' clinical notes on level of independence, cognitive impairment, pressure injury risk assessment, mobility and skin moisture.
Participants' age ranged from 69 years to 101 years with males accounting for 42%.
Two clinical nurse specialists (tissue viability and continence management) with the aid of the Scottish tool visually inspected, observed and assessed incontinent participants' skin for signs of IAD.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
ReplyDelete1.The study seeks to answer the following research question:
“What is the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland?”
This study is significant because it fills a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical data on the prevalence of IAD in Ireland. The findings can help healthcare providers improve care quality by implementing better prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies for IAD in older adults. Moreover, the research highlights the need for standardized tools and consistent care practices, which are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study involved a sample size of 191 residents from three community extended care settings for older adults in Ireland. Here’s a detailed discussion of the sample size:
Sample Size overview:
• Total Participants: 191 residents aged 65 years or older.
• Settings: The study was conducted across three public-funded residential care facilities:
• Site A: 100 residents
• Site B: 54 residents
• Site C: 38 residents
Sampling Criteria:
• Inclusion Criteria:
• Residents aged 65 years or older.
• Residents who were receiving care at the participating institutions on the day of data collection.
• Exclusion Criteria:
• Individuals attending day care services.
• Individuals younger than 65 years.
• Those unable to provide informed consent.
Overall, the sample size of 191 participants is well-chosen for the study’s aims, providing robust data on the prevalence of IAD in extended care settings in Ireland. The high participation rate and detailed demographic information further support the study’s findings and conclusions
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ReplyDeleteDiscuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
DeleteThe main problem discussed in the study is the incontinence-associated dermatitis which is an inflammation caused when the skin comes in contact with either urine, feces or both. It creates a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and shows the lack of care that is provided by the caregivers. The research highlights the need for standardized tools and consistent care practices, which are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the work load on healthcare systems.
Discuss the sample size used in the study
The study focused on three public community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
ReplyDeleteThe study took place in 3 public funded community that is a care facility for older person located in Ireland. There are 191 residents who participated in the study. All the residents are 65 years or older. All 3 sites that was included the studies are residential care facilities funded by the Health Service Executive (HSE), Ireland. Site A, B, and C had 100, 54 and 38 residents, respectively.
Describe the method used by the author of the study?
There were two nurse specialists created a collaborative working relationship with staff and 3 facilities to ensure a cohesive, combined and integrated approach to this study. The two nurses worked together throughout this comprehensive study, with the clinical constancy and use of the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to support them in this research.
IAD prevalence was used to calculate the total population and incontinent population sets using percentages and confidence intervals.
DeleteDiscuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study.
ReplyDeleteI found this study to be interesting in the sense that data was gathered and analyzed, hence a prevalence study, in the healthcare system of Ireland. The authors state that there has not been a prevalence study conducted in Ireland in the past century that assesses incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in patients 65 years or older in adult care facilities. The importance of establishing a prevalence rate is helpful to the Irish healthcare industry to track the occurrence of IAD in this age group. Ultimately, the ideal outcome would be for the Irish healthcare system to create resources or tools to treat IAD and lower the known prevalence.
How does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure.
Alarmingly, it’s the first for Ireland. Establishing the rate of prevalence is key to creating a starting point to an improvement process such as the elimination of IAD in older adults. At PSJMC our nurses work in conjunction with the Wound Care Committee (SWAT) to conduct prevalence studies for skin, but the focus is on pressure ulcers and injuries. I’m not aware of our hospital conducting a prevalence study analyzing the rate of incontinence associated dermatitis. The study concluded with a prevalence rate of 13%. As a bedside nurse, that number seems high. Knowing that the Irish healthcare setting is possibly lacking or resources for IAD , especially in incontinent patients, this numbers does seem plausible. At PSJMC there are practices and products in place to assist with the elimination of skin breakdown or irritation, for example InterDry and barrier creams.
1. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
ReplyDeleteThe study took place in three public-funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study that addresses the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in elderly population. Older adults with IAD are the primary focus of this systematic review and meta-analysis.
2. Discuss the limitations of the article.
This study focused on 3 elder care residential facilities in Ireland, there were 2 nurse specialists in charge of data collection on a specific day in July 2019. Limitations could include that data isn’t from a period over time vs a snapshot of from a single moment when they audited. The data from 3 facilities doesn’t provide enough for generalization. Another limitation could be the comprehensiveness in analysis of risk factors.
1. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study:
ReplyDeleteIncontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. The elderly population is especially vulnerable to IAD due to age-related changes making skin more fragile, specifically from epidermal thinning, collagen, elastin and general moisture loss. Prior studies have tried to establish the prevalence rate of IAD, however results have varied widely across different regions, healthcare settings and age profiles. The purpose of this research study was to create an IAD point prevalence study across 3 older adult care settings in Ireland that would quantify the size of the problem, and hopefully create a benchmark useful for comparison against similar healthcare settings in other countries.
2.Discuss the sample size used in the study:
191 residents from three public-funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were residents in any of the three locations over 65 years old and present during data collection. Person excluded were those in day care, younger than 65 years old and those unable to provide informed consent.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
ReplyDeleteThe research question in a point prevalence study of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in older adults in residential care settings focuses on determining how widespread IAD is among residents at a specific time. The study investigates the prevalence of IAD, identifies contributing risk factors, assesses its impact on residents' quality of life, and evaluates current care practices and their effectiveness. By examining these elements, the study aims to improve understanding of IAD's prevalence and management, leading to enhanced care strategies and policies for better supporting affected individuals in residential care environments.
Describe the method used by the author in the study.
In a point prevalence study of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in older adults in residential care settings, the method involves selecting a representative sample of facilities and residents, then conducting observational assessments and chart reviews to identify the presence and severity of IAD. Standardized tools are used for diagnosis, and data is analyzed to determine the prevalence, identify risk factors, and assess the impact of care practices. The findings are reported to provide insights into IAD prevalence and guide improvements in care strategies.
(1)Describe the method used by the author of the study
ReplyDelete-Study Design: The study utilizes a quality improvement (QI) approach to assess the effectiveness of a skin care bundle on the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD).
-Intervention: Skin Care Bundle--The study implemented a comprehensive skin care bundle designed to improve skin care practices and reduce the incidence of IAD. The bundle typically includes multiple components such as improved skin cleansing, use of barrier products, better management of moisture, and education for healthcare staff.
-Implementation: Pre- and Post-Intervention Design-- The effectiveness of the skin care bundle was evaluated using a pre- and post-intervention design. This means data on IAD incidence and severity were collected before the bundle was implemented and compared to data collected after the bundle was introduced.
-Data Collection: Data were likely collected through clinical assessments, patient records, or documentation of IAD cases. This would involve evaluating patient skin condition and tracking the incidence of IAD over time.
-Analysis: Statistical analyses were conducted to compare IAD outcomes before and after the intervention. This analysis aimed to determine whether the skin care bundle led to significant improvements in reducing IAD rates and severity.
(2) Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
-The primary research question is: "How effective is a skin care bundle in reducing the incidence and severity of incontinence-associated dermatitis in clinical settings?"
-Main Problem: The main problem addressed by the study is the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common condition that affects patients with incontinence. IAD can lead to discomfort, increased risk of infection, and prolonged hospital stays, impacting patient quality of life and healthcare costs. The study investigates whether a structured, evidence-based skin care bundle can effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of IAD, aiming to enhance patient care and improve outcomes in settings where IAD is a frequent issue.
-In summary, the study focuses on evaluating a quality improvement intervention to determine its impact on IAD, addressing a significant issue in patient care through a structured and evidence-based approach.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article?
ReplyDeleteThe article on Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) recommends regular skin assessments, enhanced incontinence management, staff training, and the use of standardized tools. These measures can improve early detection and care, reduce IAD incidence, and ensure consistent quality. However, they can also be resource-intensive, increase costs, and require ongoing staff training. Balancing these benefits with the associated challenges is crucial for effective implementation in care settings.
2. Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
The main problem addressed by the study is the lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD within this specific population and setting. IAD, a skin condition resulting from prolonged exposure to urine or feces, significantly affects the quality of life for older adults and reflects the quality of care provided in extended care settings. Prior to this study, there was no comprehensive data available from Ireland on how common IAD is among older adults in these settings. By conducting a point prevalence survey across three community extended care facilities, the study aimed to fill this gap and provide a benchmark for understanding the extent of IAD. The findings are intended to inform future care practices, quality improvement projects, and resource allocation to better manage and prevent IAD in this vulnerable population.
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDeleteThe method was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multi-site study that assessed the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) in older adults across three extended care facilities in Ireland. The study included 191 residents aged 65 or older who were receiving full-time care, excluding those in day-care services or unable to give informed consent. Two clinical nurse specialists conducted skin inspections and used the assessment tools to gather data
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
The study was conducted due to lack of data on the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). The aim was to conduct the first IAD point prevalence study across three older adult care settings in Ireland, quantify the size of the problem and benchmark IAD prevalence against similar healthcare settings in other countries. The study findings were: the prevalence of incontinence was 86.4% – a significantly higher proportion were female, the prevalence of IAD in the population and incontinence population was 11.5%. This data can help with develop standardization of assessment tool or provide resources to healthcare facilities to help manage skin integrity.
1. Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDeleteThe method used was a descriptive, cross sectional, multi-site study. A point prevalence methodology was used to collect data in three extended cases for older person in Ireland, with each site audited on a specific date.
Two clinical nurse specialist applied the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool when undertaking this study to identify the existence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection.
A demographic form recorded participant's age, gender, continence status and scores from the Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Braden and Waterflow pressure injury risk assessment tools.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study. All residents aged 65 years or older, who were receiving care from the participating institutions on the day of data collection, were considered eligible participation. People receiving day-care services in any of the three setting were excluded.
The inclusion criteria were: persons residing in any of the three extended care settings for older persons, at the specific time of data collection, over 65 years of age. The exclusion criteria were persons attending day care services, persons younger than 65 years, and those unable to provide informed consent.
Research question: the aim of this study is to identify the proportion of older adult in extended care settings in Ireland affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis, quantify the size of the problem and benchmark IAD prevalence against similar health care settings in other countries. It was noted that there was a global lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD and what research was available highlights a wide variation in prevalence, thus deeming this study necessary.
ReplyDeleteMethods: this is a descriptive, cross sectional, multisite, point prevalence survey, across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. 191 residents living in the participating institutions and who were over the age of 65 were included in the study. The presence of IAD was identified through clinical observation and visual skin inspection and the IAD was calculated for the total population and incontinent population sets.
Discuss the limitations of the article: limited sample size, design flaws, and/or author bias:
ReplyDeleteThe study seems to be limited due to the fact that it only included patients from six hospitals in one Australian state. The sample may not be representative of patients in other regions or healthcare systems, causing limited findings.Also,the consistency in how the intervention was implemented across the six hospitals could vary. Variability in adherence to the intervention protocol might impact the overall effectiveness used in the study
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
ReplyDelete- The study took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older persons in Ireland. Overall, 191 residents participated in the study. All residents aged 65 years or older, who were receiving care from the participating institutions on the day of data collection, were considered eligible participation.
-Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
- Bladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis
-Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
Delete- Bladder and bowel incontinence is the culprit of skin breakdown in many settings. The aim of this research project was to collect data in order to identify the proportion of older adults in extended care settings within Ireland that are affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis. the study is meant to inform healthcare decision making and care strategies for managing IAD in adult population. The study was meant to create an impact for IAD prevalence, due to it being a top down injury.
1. Discuss the sample size in the study
ReplyDeleteThe study was conducted in three public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. There were 191 residents who took part in the study where the focus was the address the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) specifically in the elderly population. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, emphasizing a comprehensive examination of existing research on IAD in older adults. The study aimed to provide insights into how IAD affects elderly individuals in residential care settings and to identify key factors influencing its prevalence and impact.
2. The main research question of the study was "What is the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in extended care settings in Ireland?" The study aimed to address data gaps, identify the proportion affected, and highlight the risk factors which included incontinence, dependency, cognitive impairment, as well as any mobility limitations. The findings were intended to inform healthcare decision-making and improve care strategies for managing IAD in older adults. The results of the study are intended to provide a clearer picture of IAD prevalence and its impact, helping to enhance care practices and interventions in extended care settings for older individuals.
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ReplyDeleteDiscuss the sample size in the study
Delete.
It took place in three public funded community residential care facilities for older people in Ireland age 65 years and older. With 191 residents participated in the study. All three residential facilities were funded by the Health Service Executive HSE. Site A, B and C had 100, 54 and 38 residents.
It focus on Incontinence associated dermatitis in elder people population.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study
The research question or main problem discussed incontinence associated dermatitis affecting elder people population. Incontinence associated dermatitis (IDA) is common type of moisture is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence. It is a top down injury presenting redness of the skin including edema on the surface of skin and maybe accompanied by blisters, serous exudate, epidermal erosion and secondary cutaneous infection. It also discussed on this study the impact negatively of IAD to older adults physical and psychosocial well being, poorer quality of life, loss of independence disruption of daily activities
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDeleteThe design of this study was a cross sectional, multisite point prevalence study. The study collected data from three extended care settings located in Ireland. The two nurse specialists that were sued to collect data identified the IAD through both clinical observation and visual skin inspection. Multiple scoring tools were used including: the Barthel Index, Mini Mental State Exam and Braden pressure injury risk assessment.
Discuss the research question of main problem discussed in the study.
The main research question associated with the study is the prevalence of incontinence associated dermatitis that affect older adults living in extended care settings located in Ireland. This was seen by the use of two clinical nurse specialists using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool through clinical observation and visual skin inspection of the study subjects. The study results allowed guidance for future decision making on planning and budgeting to ongoing auditing of incontinence associated dermatitis.
1. Discuss the sample size used in the study
ReplyDeleteThe sample size used in the study was 191 residents living in public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. All residents were aged 65 or older and the study included three sites. The three sites had different sizes: Site A (100 residents), Site B (54 residents), and Site C (38 residents).
2. Describe the method used by the author of the study
The study used a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence survey method to assess the prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in residential care facilities in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialist applied The Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool during this study which is specifically designed to assess and identify moisture-related skin damage, including IAD.
Mai Tran, 4N
1.} Discuss the sample size used in the study?
ReplyDeleteThe study's sample sizes was 191 of patients assessed. Out of the 191 patients 165 patients were found to be incontinent. The focus of the study was mainly to identify the proportion in the older adults in long term facilities.Since older adults are more vulnerable to IAD due to age related changes increasing skin fragility. The study was adequate size to determine the point of prevalence of IAD in the specified settings
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1) Describe the method used by the author of the study:
DeleteThis study was a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis conducted at multiple sites. It used a point prevalence methodology to collect data from three extended care facilities for older adults in Ireland, with audits conducted on a specific date in July 2019. Two clinical nurse specialists employed the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and visual inspections of the skin. This tool was selected due to the lack of validated standard instruments for IAD. The nurse specialists, who have considerable expertise in wound management, tissue viability, and continence promotion, utilized the tool to assess the severity of IAD. They also established collaborative relationships with the staff at the three facilities to ensure a coordinated approach to the study. The two specialists worked closely together throughout the research, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool as their primary resource.
2) Discuss the sample size used in the study:
The study was carried out in three publicly funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland, involving a total of 191 residents. All residents aged 65 and older who were receiving care on the day of data collection were eligible to participate, while those attending day-care services at any of the facilities were excluded.
The three sites—Site A, Site B, and Site C—were funded by the Health Service Executive, Ireland, with 100, 54, and 38 residents, respectively. To qualify for inclusion, participants had to be over 65 and residing in one of the facilities at the time of data collection. Excluded were individuals using day-care services, those under 65, and those unable to provide informed consent. The study did not require ethical approval, as it was categorized as an audit by the relevant research ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and efforts were made to ensure they could engage in the decision-making process according to national consent and safeguarding policies.
Discuss the sample size used in the study
ReplyDeleteThe study focused on three public community facilities in Ireland. The total sample size of 191 residents who were 65 years of age or older. The age criteria is important in this study as it is a non-modifiable risk factor and strengthens the efficacy of the data concerning IAD in older adults.
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the proposed recommendations in the article?
The proposed recommendations have several advantages, such as providing the first data on how common incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is among older adults in Ireland. This information helps to understand the scale of the issue, which can provide guidance on healthcare planning, budgeting, and quality improvement efforts. It also sets a baseline for future monitoring of IAD to improve long term patient care. However, there are some disadvantages, like the differences in how IAD is identified and diagnosed across various settings, which could lead to inconsistent results from different setting. Additionally, since the study used a cross-sectional design, it only captures data from a single point in time and does not provide insights into changes over time or the long-term success of any interventions.
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
ReplyDeleteIn this study, the sample size consisted of 191 residents in a funded residential care facilities in Ireland. The main focus eligible participants are elderly residents from aged 65 years or older while receiving data collection in their institutions. These individuals presented with decreased mobility criteria and skin integrity compromised.
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
The author utilized a “point prevalence” method which elucidates a multi site study that occurred among the populations of the elderly in Ireland back in July 2019. This is a type of study that collects structured data with specific characteristics at a designated location and time. Among these studies conducted by nursing staff, a Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool was utilized during this study.
Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDelete1) The method used is a cross-sectional, multi-site, point prevalence study across three community extended care settings for older people in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damaged Tool, identified the prevalence of Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and a visual skin inspection period. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (I AD) prevalence was calculated using percentages and confidence intervals for the total and incontinent population sets.
2) Discuss the sample size used in the study.
The sample size included 191 residents aged from 69 years to 101 years, with males accounting for 42% (n=81/191) and females accounting for 58% (110/191). The study occurred in the three public-funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. The 65 years or older residents receiving care from the participant institutions on the day of the data collection were considered eligible for participation. All three sites were residential care facilities funded by the Health Service Executive Ireland. There were three sites, A, B, and C, where A had 100 participants, B had 54, and C had 38.
Valarie Renaux
ReplyDeleteIncontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study
1. Discuss the sample size used in the study
The sample size encompassing this study included 191 subjects ages 65 years and up. Many subjects, 165 out of the 191 were observed to be incontinent. These subjects were residents to three different care facilities in Ireland. Moreover, the subjects were subjected to impaired skin integrity in addition to decreased mobility.
2. Describe the method used by the author of the study
This study utilized a cross sectional and point prevalence method. A prevalence method is a collection of information to define a management approach pertaining to the needs of the subject related to incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD) for this study. Two tools utilized for analysis by health care providers were the from the moisture related skin damage and Scottish excoriation tool.
ReplyDeleteDescribe the method used by the author of the study
This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis conducted at multiple sites. It utilized a point prevalence methodology to gather data from three extended care facilities for older adults in Ireland, with audits carried out on a specific date in July 2019. Two clinical nurse specialists employed the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to identify incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) through clinical observation and visual inspections of the skin. This tool was selected due to the lack of validated standard instruments for assessing IAD. The specialists, who possess significant expertise in wound management, tissue viability, and continence promotion, used the tool to evaluate the severity of IAD. They also established collaborative relationships with the staff at the three facilities to ensure a coordinated approach to the study. Throughout the research, the two specialists worked closely together, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool as their main resource.
Discuss the sample size in the study
The research was conducted in three publicly funded community residential care facilities for older adults in Ireland. A total of 191 residents participated, focusing on the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among the elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a thorough evaluation of existing studies on IAD in older adults. The study sought to highlight the impact of IAD on elderly residents in care settings and to identify the primary factors contributing to its prevalence and effects.
Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a skin inflammation caused by contact with urine, feces, or both. IAD directly impacts a person’s quality of life and care provided. Older adults are more vulnerable to IAD, with urinary and/or fecal incontinence the primary causes of IAD. Normal aging makes skin more fragile and prone to injury. Elastin loss, moisture loss, medications and clothing irritants are just some of the factors affecting the skins integrity and susceptibility to injury as individuals age. Other factors include sex, age, mobility, and cognitive function. Urinary incontinence is one of the most common reasons why an individual may be admitted into a care setting.
ReplyDeleteThere is currently a lack of empirical data on the prevalence of IAD. The aim of this study was to identify the portion of older adults affected by IAD in extended care facilities in Ireland. This study used a cross-sectional, point prevalence survey, structured to collect uniform data from multiple sites in Ireland over a specific period of time. Current literature indicates a wide variation in the prevalence of IAD across different healthcare setting and geographic regions. Variations in the frequency of IAD may be due to a variety of factors including differences in clinical criteria used to diagnose IAD and data collection standards. However, there are several IAD assessment/categorizing tools available.
The study took place in three public-funded community resident care facilities for older persons in Ireland. There were 191participating residents within this study with all residents aged 65 or older. Of the participating residents, 42% were males and 58% females. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The study showed the point prevalence of IAD across the total population and incontinent population was 11.5%, and the prevalence of incontinence was 86.4%. With a significantly higher proportion being female.
As a senior myself, 66 years old, I am not surprised with the findings. As we age incontinence just becomes a fact of life. Of course, various factors are going to exacerbate the likelihood of incontinence. Factors such as sex, weight, mobility, and cognitive ability are just a few examples. I personally feel that a person’s economic status is pivotal in the reduction of IAD. More personalized and attentive care is the key, along with access to devices such as the PureWick system which is currently being used at PSJMC.
ReplyDelete-Describe the method used by the author of the study. Was the correct method used? Why or why not?
The method used in this study was a cross-sectional, multi-site study. I believe this was the correct method as cross-sectional studies are observational studies analyzing data from a population at that particular time. This helps better capture the involving players in a problem. Furthermore, there were two nurse wound specialists used in the study to help accurately calculate the prevalence of IAD, which I believe helps the reliability of the data.
-Discuss the limitations of the article: limited sample size, design flaws, and/or author bias.
A limitation of the article was that it did not specify any predictive factors for the development of incontinent associated dermatitis and any comorbidities that may have influenced skin integrity. Outside of limited mobility, comorbidities such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, smoking history, impaired nutrition, and certain chemo medications all play a roll with skin integrity. It would be beneficial to see if there were less incidences of IAD in patients in comparison with comorbidites and immobility rather than just immobility. It would also be beneficial to see the comparison with braden score and barthel index as well. Furthermore the Mini mental status exam may not be useful in those with limited socio-economic status and education.
Describe the method used by the author in the study
ReplyDeleteThe method used by the author was a cross-sectional study and point prevalence method study used across three community related care settings for older adults in Ireland. There were two tools used for analysis by healthcare providers. these tools were from the moisture-related skin damage and Scottish excuration tool. The clinical nurse specialist used clinical observation and visual tool inspection.
Discuss the sample Size?
This sample size included 191 people ranging from ages 65 years and up. It was found that 165 people out of the 191 were to be found incontinent with decreased mobility. The residents were all from three different care facilities in Ireland
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ReplyDeleteHow does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure?
ReplyDeleteAt PSJMC, we see IAD majority in those who are incontinent. We have implemented skin assessment tools in our daily shift assessments to address these issues. Using barrier creams especially those with incontinence to protect the skin from being in contact we feces and urine to prevent IAD. It’s interesting to see that this study found IAD more common in women rather than men. I believe our department provides us with quality resources to prevent these issues such as barrier creams, pads instead of diapers, and also the tools to assess the risks every shift. I believe in our ICU care setting we are fortunately staffed well enough to provide skin more frequently, unlike most residential facilities. The majority of those who have IAD are the patients that come from facilities where they do not have adequate resources.
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
-the sample size included 191 residents. These participants were 65 years old or older who receivd care from publicly funded community residential care facilities in Ireland. They excluded those that were in day care services. All of there three sites are also funded by Health Service Executive in Ireland.
1. Describe the method used by the author of the study.
ReplyDeleteIn the study "Incontinence-associated dermatitis in older adults in residential care settings: a point prevalence study" by Breda Wall, the methodology typically involves several key components:
Study Design:
• Point Prevalence Study: This design allows for the assessment of the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) at a specific point in time within the selected residential care settings.
Participants:
• Population: The study focuses on older adults residing in residential care facilities, capturing a demographic that is particularly vulnerable to IAD.
Data Collection:
• Assessment Tools: Researchers likely used standardized assessment tools to evaluate the presence and severity of IAD among the participants. This could include skin assessment protocols and criteria for diagnosing IAD.
• Data Sources: Information may have been collected through clinical assessments, patient records, and possibly interviews or observations to gather comprehensive data about the residents.
Sample Size:
• Selection Criteria: The study would specify inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants to ensure a representative sample of the residential care population.
Data Analysis:
• Statistical Methods: Prevalence rates would be calculated, and statistical analyses might be employed to identify associations between IAD and factors such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and care practices.
Ethical Considerations:
• Approval and Consent: The study would need ethical approval from relevant committees, and informed consent would likely be obtained from participants or their legal representatives.
Reporting:
• Findings Presentation: Results would be presented using descriptive statistics and possibly visual aids (like tables or graphs) to illustrate the prevalence of IAD and related factors.
This method allows for a clear snapshot of IAD prevalence in older adults in residential settings, providing valuable insights for improving care practices.
2. Discuss the sample size used in the study.
Total Participants: The study involved 191 older adults across three community extended care settings, which allows for a substantial assessment of IAD prevalence. This sample size provides a solid foundation for statistical analysis and enhances the credibility of the findings.
Incontinent Population: Of the total population, 165 participants were incontinent, reflecting an incontinence prevalence of 86.4%. This high proportion is important as it focuses on a critical subgroup that is at increased risk for IAD.
How does this research article compare to our practice, policy and/or procedure?
ReplyDeletePatients living with pressure ulcer injuries experience significant pain which affects the patient’s quality of life negatively. Also, it affects physiologically, emotionally, psychologically, socially, and financially toward patients and family. As this research states, we often see patients and family members suffer from those negative experiences.
In our unit, all newly admitted patients' skin assessment by two nurses is necessary and wound care nurses will be consulted when a patient comes in with pressure injury, we take pictures while admitted, treat for wounds and observe by taking pictures on a weekly basis. As a nurse, it is important to control pain and reduce negative emotions through medication, emotional support (spiritual care, dog therapy), and family support. We often order to be consulted by a case manager or social worker for patients to receive adequate support when they are discharged to home or facilities.
Describe the method used by the author of the study
A qualitative analysis with thematic study was conducted using a thorough approach to advance an objective insight into patients’ lived experiences. This is seen as effective in eliciting patients’ holistic views. The research questions were structured using the SPIDER tool (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research type). The method used by the author of this study was using six electronic databases by Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar in October 2022 and April 2023 at acute, community and care home settings in the UK, France, Belgium and the US to explore patients background living with pressure ulcers.
- Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
ReplyDeleteThe research question/main problem discussed in this study is the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in the geriatric population. Researchers' focus was on three adult care settings in Ireland in which they can compare and contrast across other healthcare settings to better manage, prevent, and treat IAD in this demographic. This study helped to get a baseline of IAD by quantifying the size of this issue and the impact this skin condition can have throughout multiple healthcare systems.
- Describe the method used by the author of the study
The method used by the author(s) of this study was through point prevalence by focusing on IAD in three different older adult healthcare settings in which the author(s) can survey and analyze the proportion of IAD in this demographic. In the study, two clinical nurse specialists used the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool to help identify those with IAD.This tool was used directly during patient assessment through visual skin inspections and overall clinical observation in order to calculate the total population and those with IAD resulting in a higher prevalence amongst dependent females whom have cognitive and physical decline.
1.Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study?
ReplyDelete- The study evaluated for the proportion of older facility adults affected by incontinence-associated dermatitis.
2.Discuss the sample size used in the study.
-There were 191 facility residents that participated in the study from 3 public-funded older adult community care centers. Everyone that participated was 65 years & older.
Describe the method used by the author of the study
ReplyDeletethe authors used a cross-sectional, multisite point prevalence survey design. This method involved assessing the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among older adults in three extended care settings in Ireland. Two clinical nurse specialists carried out the assessment using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture-Related Skin Damage Tool. The presence of IAD was determined through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. This approach provided detailed insights into the proportion of older adults affected by IAD in these care settings
Discuss the sample size used in the study.
ReplyDeleteThe sample size consisted of 976 older adults residing in three extended care settings in Ireland. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among this population. Each participant underwent a clinical skin assessment to check for signs of IAD, with assessments conducted by clinical nurse specialists using a standardized tool
This large sample size provided a comprehensive look at the prevalence of IAD in older adults in residential care, offering valuable insights for future preventive care and management strategies.
Discuss the research question or main problem discussed in the study? The main problem discussed in this study is about the effect of incontinence associated dermatitis in older adults at residential care settings.
ReplyDeleteDiscuss the sample size used in the study: 191 residents consented to participate in the study. Participants' age ranged from 69 years to 101 years with males accounting for 42% of the population.
Adding to my previous comment, incontinence has a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and is indicative of the care provided. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of moisture-associated skin damage related to prolonged exposure to urine and fecal incontinence.
ReplyDeleteThe sample includes two clinical nurse specialists, using the Scottish Excoriation and Moisture Related Skin Damage Tool, identified the presence of IAD through clinical observation and visual skin inspection. People receiving day-care services in any of the three settings were excluded.